This group focuses on the study of the reprogramming of the innate immune response in the context of inflammatory diseases (e.g., sepsis, cystic fibrosis, acute coronary syndrome, lung cancer) using the description of the various molecular mechanisms that underlie the reprogramming of monocytes/macrophages during refractory states. The innate immune response is activated in various clinical contexts that can be modelled in vitro. The initial reaction of the Innate Immune System is marked by an inflammatory response that is similar in different contexts. However, after the initial response, a “deviation” is produced towards an “alternative” response that may, in many cases, lead to refractory states such as endotoxin and tumour tolerance. These refractory states may have undesirable clinical consequences and their study is the objective of our research.